高校女教职工乳腺疾病及相关因素分析

Breast disease of female faculty in universities and related factors analysis

目的了解高校女教职工乳腺疾病患病率与发病相关因素,制定有效的乳腺疾病防治措施。方法应用天津肿瘤医院设计的调查表,对2012年1 306例女教职工进行乳腺防癌调查,并由乳腺科专职医生对受检者进行临床触诊、乳腺超声检查、乳腺X线钼靶检查,可疑恶性者做组织病理学检查,对结果进行分析。结果参加普查者1 306例,发现乳腺癌2例,乳腺良性疾病522例,乳腺疾病总患病率40.12%;乳腺良性疾病患病率为39.97%,恶性疾病患病率0.15%。40~49岁年龄组(x^2=25.63,P<0.05)、经常失眠(x^2=23.13,P<0.05)、高校教师(x^2=24.28,P<0.05)、文化程度高(x^2=41.19,P<0.05),乳腺疾病患病率显著增高。结论乳腺疾病与年龄、睡眠、职业及文化程度有关,因此应在高校中大力开展乳腺疾病早期防治的健康教育宣传,普及乳腺疾病早期发现的科普知识,广泛推广乳腺自检方法,定期进行乳腺防癌普查,降低乳腺疾病及乳腺癌的患病率。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate and related factors of breast disease of female faculty in universities, aiming to tornmlate effective control measures for breast disease. Methods In 2012 1 306 female faculty were surveyed for breast cancer-screening by using professionals questionnaires designed by Tianjin Cancer Hospital. Clinical palpation, breast uhrasonography, and breast X-ray molybdenum target check were conducted by full-time physicians in breast department. Suspicious malignant patients took histopathological examination. Results Among 1 306 cases breast cancer was found in 2 cases and benign breast disease in 522 cases. Overall prevalence of breast disease was 40.12% , prevalence of benign breast disease was 39.97%, and prevalence of malignant disease was 0. 15%. The prevalence of breast disease increased among women aged 40-49 years （χ2 = 25.63,P 〈 0.05 ） , women with frequent insomnia （χ2 = 23.13,P 〈 0.05 ）, teachers in university （χ2 = 24.28,P 〈 0.05 ）, and those with high educational background （χ2 = 41.19, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Breast disease is related with age, sleep, occupation, and educational background. The prevalence of breast disease and cancer should be reduced in universities by vigorously canoeing out health education to prevent breast disease at early stage, spreading scientific knowledge to early detect breast disease, extensively promoting breast self-test method and doing regular breast cancer screening.