儿童呼吸道感染病原中病毒的分布

Virus distribution in respiratory tract infection in children

目的了解某院呼吸道感染（RTI）就诊儿童病毒学特点及其流行趋势。方法选择该院2012年1—7月住院部及门诊确诊为RTI（包括上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染）的5 384例患儿，对其鼻咽分泌物进行呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、流感病毒A/B（FLUA/B）、副流感病毒1—3（PIV1—3）和腺病毒（ADV）检测与分析。结果5 384例RTI患儿中，病毒感染1 834例（34.06%）；检出病毒1 884株，其中以RSV为主（895株，16.62%），其次是FLUA（376株，6.98%）、FLUB（278株，5.16%）、PIV1（179株，3.32%）、ADV（138株，2.56%）、PIV3（15株，0.28%）和PIV2（3株，0.06%）。RSV和PIV3感染以＜1岁患儿构成比最高，分别为56.31%、40.00%，其次是1～2岁组，分别为27.04%、26.67%；FLUA在＜4岁患儿中构成比（16.22%～25.53%）较高，FLUB在各年龄阶段均有检出（7.19%～16.55%）；PIV1在＜5岁患儿中构成比为8.38%～23.46%；ADV在1～4岁患儿中构成比较高（15.94%～34.78%）。 单一感染占97.55%；45例（2.45%）为混合感染，其中PIV1合并其他病毒感染居首位（25例），其次为RSV混合感染（24例）和FLUB混合感染（19例）。 结论该院就诊RTI患儿感染病毒以RSV为主，其次是FLUA、FLUB、PIV、ADV；各病毒在各年龄阶段阳性率具有一定差别。

ObjectiveTo investigate the viral characteristics and epidemic trends of respiratory tract infection （RTI） in children in a hospital.Methods5 384 children who were confirmed RTI in a hospital from January to July 2012 were included in the study, nasopharyngeal secretion of children were performed detection of respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）,influenza virus A/B（FLUA/B）,parainfluenza virus 1—3（PIV1—3）and adenovirus（ADV）.ResultsOf 5 384 children, 1 834 （34.06%）were infected with virus; 1 884 isolates of virus were detected，the major virus was RSV（895 isolates，16.62%），followed by FLUA （376 isolates，6.98%）,FLUB（278 isolates，5.16%）,PIV1（179 isolates，3.32%）,ADV（138 isolates，2.56%）,PIV3（15 isolates，0.28%）, and PIV2（3 isolates，0.06%）. Constituent ratio of RSV and PIV3 infection were highest in children ＜1 years of age（56.31% and 40.00% respectively）, the next were in children of 1-2 years of age（27.04% and 26.67% respectively）；constituent ratio of FLUA was higher in children ＜4 years of age（16.22%-25.53%），FLUB was detected in each age group（7.19%-16.55%）；constituent ratio of PIV1 in children ＜5 years of age was 8.38%-23.46%；constituent ratio of ADV in children of 1-4 years of age was 15.94%-34.78%. Single and mixed infection accounted for 97.55% and 2.45% （45 cases）respectively, infection of PIV1 associated with other virus was the major mixed infection（25 cases），followed by RSV mixed infection （24 cases）and FLUB mixed infection（19 cases）.ConclusionRIT in children in this hospital is mainly caused by RSV, followed by FLUA, FLUB, PIV, and ADV; the positive rate of different virus in different age group is varied.