丽江云杉天然种群针叶功能性状及其随海拔的变异

Altitudinal Variation of Needle Functional Traits in Natural Population of Picea likiangensis

早在19世纪，生态学家及植物学家们即开始关注植物性状，并发现部分植物性状对环境变化具有很好的响应和适应表现。Diaz等在总结前人研究工作的基础上提出植物功能性状的概念，且越来越受到研究者的重视。叶片是与环境接触面积最大，且对环境变化最为敏感的植物器官，在众多的植物性状中，叶片功能性状，如长度和宽度、干质量、叶片氮和叶片磷含量等是决定其在群落中地位的重要因素，这些叶片性状共同体现了植物为获取最大碳收获所采取的生存适应策略，在生态学和生物进化上有重要意义0。

This research investigated and selected 4 natural populations of Picea likiangensis in Yunnan province, based on its natural distribution. The length, width, dry weight and C, N, P contents in needles of the 4 popula- tions were measured to survey the phenotypic variation of natural populations and the relationship between the phe- notypic variation and their altitude of distribution areas. The methods of ANOVA analysis, multi-comparison and correlation analysis were used for analyzing the data measured. The results showed that, there were remarkable （P 〈 0.01 ） variations in needle length, width and dry weight among populations, with component of variance 15.05% -28.03%, but no variation of them within populations. The dry weight was significantly （P 〈0.01 ） positively correlated to the needle length and width, and their correlation coefficients were 0.466 39 and 0. 665 67, respec- tively. Regarding to element content in needles, there were significant （P 〈 0.05） variations of N and P contents, and C/N ratio among populations, excepting C content. Moreover, the component of variance among populations was higher （29.98% -37.56% ） when compared with that within populations, and there was distinctly （P 〈0.01 ） variance of N/P ratio among populations, and its component of variance was 60.44%. For correlations between nee- dle length and N/P ratio, altitude was negatively and significantly （P 〈0.01 ） correlated; for needle width, altitude was significant （P 〈 0.01 ） positive correlated, for C content and C/N ratio, altitude was significantly （P 〈0.05 ） positively correlated.