公共精神之下的政治联系——埃德蒙·伯克与政党学说的源起

On Political Ties under Public Spirit

西方政党学说源起于宗派与政党的历史性纠葛。在伯克之前,人们对政党的认识十分矛盾并混同于宗派。伯克最早提出了具有现代意义的政党定义,他认为政党是一种具体的功能性组织,一种基于共同原则的必要的政治联系,一种基于公共精神的值得尊重的组织形式。伯克的政党观奠定了现代西方政党政治的理论基础,具有开拓性的认识价值。但是,其政党理论对后世政党观念和政党实践的影响受到了时代条件和认识主体自身的局限。

Western theory of political party originated from the overlap between sect and political party. People understood contradictorily political party and confused sect with political party before Edmund Burke. Burke first proposed a definition of political party with a modern sense. He believes that political party is a specific functional organization; is necessary political ties based on common principles; is a kind of respectable organization based on public spirit. Burke＇ s concept of political party laid the theoretical foundation for the modern Western party politics and is pioneering. However, its influences on the later political idea and political practice are limited by time conditions and the cognitive subjects.