论宋高宗朝谪宦的北归心态——以李纲、孙觌为中心

The Mind State of Relegated Officers Returning towards North in the Period of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty——Centering on Li Gang and Sun Di

宋高宗一朝,大量官员因罪而遭遇贬谪,而赦宥人数亦多,总体呈现出谪叙不常、前宽后紧的趋向。谪宦在北归途中常跼蹙于家乡与朝廷之间,困心衡虑,表现出强烈的归乡之愿和畏祸心态。同为常州人的李纲与孙觌在被赦北归后做出了不同选择:李纲入朝而孙觌归乡。李纲退则乐、进则忧的人生情怀,使其进退得宜,发而中节;孙觌"思忧知乐"的适意背后,则是忧谗畏讥的悲凉。李、孙两人进退之间的不同心态,体现了谋国与谋身的深刻矛盾,以及"欲有所为"和"欲有所止"的两种典型人格。

During the period of Emperor Gaozong of Southern Song Dynasty, many officers encountered relegation, and many people were forgiven at the same side. In general, the amnesty of Gaozong displays a trend of unstable and wide previously and strict lately. Many forgiven people wandered among returning imperial court and returning home, which manifests the conflict and compromise between intellectual＇ s life inclination and absolute monarchy. Sun Di and Li Gang, whose hometowns were both Changzhou, are the most typical examples. Sun Di changed his route from advance to retreat, from returning home to im- perial court; Li Gang changed his route from retreat to advance, from returning imperial court to home. Their two different choices manifest their different position about planning for country or planning for oneself. As the advocator of war and peace respectively, the experience of demotion previously and pardoned later of Li Gang, Sun Di were Similar, but their mood dif- fered a lot. In general, their behaviors manifest the mind of ＂troubled when advance and joyful when retreat＂, or ＂joyful de- spite advance or retreat＂.