怎样培训优秀的消化外科医师

How to cultivate excellent digestive surgeons

培训一名优秀的消化外科医师，要求做好以下5个阶段：（1）医学本科学习。一名优秀的本科毕业医师，要求具有：①良好的医德医风和专业操守；②良好的医学知识和治病能力；③良好的其他能力，包括沟通、决策、协作、领导、健康倡导、教学能力和拥有专业精神。（2）外科基础培训。在国际上，先进国家已发展到系统性的外科基础培训。培训完毕和考试合格后，可进入不同科目的高级外科培训。（3）普通外科的专业培训。香港的普通外科培训和英国的制度相近，培训结束后参加香港统一考试，通过后可获得香港外科医学院和英国爱丁堡皇家外科医学院的专业医师资格。香港外科医学院和英国爱丁堡皇家外科医学院已认同我国大陆14个培训中心为培训基地，经过这些培训基地培训出来的医师，可参加香港外科医学院和英国爱丁堡皇家外科医学院举行的联合考试，合格后可获得这两所学院的外科专业资格。（4）消化外科小专科培训。消化外科是普通外科培训后其中一个小专科。中国香港和很多先进国家均没有建立一个系统性的培训制度。在香港是否发展普通外科的小专科系统性培训尚在商议中。（5）终生继续学习。终生学习非常重要。在国际上，已经有继续医学教育、持续专业发展、持续专业教育、重新验证和重新认证等讨论。总之，培训优秀的消化外科医师，要从打好根基开始。此外，建立一个国家性的系统外科培训，才能培训出好的外科专业人才。

To produce good digestive surgeons, the fol- lowing 5 training steps need to be done right ： （ 1 ） Undergraduate education. The basic requirements in the qualities of good under- graduate medical training students at the end of the training should possess are： （~） Good medical ethics and attitudes to their patients; （~） Good medical knowledge and skills; （~） Good core competencies in communication, decision-making, collabora- tion, leadership, health advocation, teaching and professionalism. （2） Basic surgical training. Developed countries have evolved to train surgeons using a structural training program in both basic and higher surgical training for the whole country. After eompletion of basic training and passing an unified examination for the country, a candidate can enter into higher surgical training in a specialty of which general surgery is one of these specialties. （3） General surgical training. The training of general surgery in Hong Kong is similar to that in the United Kingdom. After com- pletion of general surgery training, the candidate can sit for a conjoint examination held by the College of Surgeons of Hong Kong （CSHK） and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh （RCSEd）. After passing the examination, the candidate re- ceives qualifications from these two Colleges. CSHK and RCSEd now have accredited 14 training centers in China's Mainland for surgical training. The trainees from these 14 centers can sit for the conjoint examination held by these 2 Colleges and obtain the qualifications after passing the examination. （4） Digestive sur- gical training. Digestive surgery is a subspeciahy of general sur- gery. The training of digestive surgery in Hong Kong, like in many developed countries, has not yet evolved into a structured subspecialty training and examination system. There are still a lot of debates on whether digestive surgery should evolve into a structured subspecialty training program. （5） Continuing medi- cal education （CME）. CME is very important. There have been a lot of discussions internationally on CME, continuing profes- sional development, continuing professional education, revalida- tion and recertification. To produce good digestive surgeons, a solid foundation in surgical training should first be established. A structural training and examination program is important for a country to produce good surgeons.