2Mieke Bal, Narratology: lntroduction to tire Theory of the Narrative, Toronto : U. of Toronto Press,2^nd edition, 1997年,第19-21页
3Wayne Booth,Rhetoric of Fiction, Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1961
4Wolfgang lser, The Act of Reading : A Theory of Aesthetic Response, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins UP, 1978.
5Nelson Goodman, "Twisted Tales : Story, Study, and Symphony", in W. J. T. Mitchell, ed. ,On Narrative,The University of Chicago Press, 1981. pp. 99 - 115.