由《诗经》祭品研析两周食礼、祭礼演进特征

The Evolution Characteristics of Food Ritual and Cult in The Book of Songs and West and East Zhou Dynasty

食礼和祭礼都是我们传统礼文化中出现时间较早、发展周期较长、影响广泛的文化系。《诗经》祭品再现,在先秦礼制最成熟、最完善的两周时期,食礼和祭礼进入心理物化和物质意化的"礼制"演进阶段。统治阶级享有祭祀特权和饮食特权,并有意识、有目的地利用这一特权,来治理国家,整合社会,维护自身的统治。这一阶段,也酝酿着礼的"义化"过程,预示礼的进一步发展态势。

Food ritual and cult are our traditional culture in the early time, and the development cycle is long. It influ- ences a wide range of cultural system. It appeared in The Book of Songs , and in Pre-qin Confucian and West and East Zhou Dy- nasty, the most mature and perfect food ritual and cult came into the psychological and material stage. The ruling class conscious- ly and purposefully took advantage of this privilege, in order to govern the country, to unite the society, and to maintain its own ruling. This stage was also the brewing process of ＂righteousness＂, predicting the further development of the situation.