再议王清任对肝脏部位及经络走行的认识

On WANG Qingrenps Opinion of the Site of Liver and Meridian Circulation

清代医家王清任在论述肝脏时认为古人犯了两个错误:一是把肝的位置弄错了,肝的解剖位置明明在右胁,《黄帝内经》却认为是在左侧;二是肝的经脉走行是左右两条,却说肝居于左。其原因是王清任把中医学中实质性脏器与在活体上观察的人体生理病理现象的虚似性脏器混淆了。肝为阴木,通春气而主升发、藏血、罢极之本,"藏居于内,形见于外",通过外部表象可以推断肝经的多种病变,而这一理论基础来源于藏象经络学说。

WANG Qingren, a doctor in Qing dynasty, thought the ancients made two mistakes in his discussion on the liver. One is about the location of the liver. The anatomical position of the liver is in the right side, but Huangdi＇s Inner Classic of Medicine holds that it is on the left side. Second, there are two liver channels on both left and right side, but Huangdi＇s In- ner Classic of Medicine holds that it is on the left side. The reason is that WANG Qingren confused the substantial viscera in traditional Chinese medicine with virtual viscera observed in human physiology and pathology. Therefore, he put forward the two wrong views and was criticized by later generations.