陕西地区514例儿童眼外伤临床分析

The clinical analysis of 514 cases of pediatric ocular trauma in Shaanxi area

目的分析儿童眼外伤发生的临床特征及规律。方法收集近5年（2006至2010年）住院的儿童眼外伤514例（525眼），对其临床特点及诊治结果进行回顾性分析。结果男女比例为4．65：1；发病高峰位于4—8岁年龄段。致伤原因中锐器伤所占的比率高于钝器伤及爆炸伤。损伤类型中角膜穿孔伤占46．89％，居首位，其次为巩膜、眼睑裂伤。致伤物以竹签、剪刀等锐器比例最高，占42．58％。致伤时间分布无明显差异，但春节所在的一二月份相对较高。经治疗后盲目者占40．30％。结论儿童眼外伤致盲率高，临床特征与成人眼外伤有显著区别。采取有针对性的预防措施可以降低儿童眼外伤的发生率。

Objective To collect and analyze clinical records of pediatric patients with ocular trau- ma in Shaanxi area. Methods The medical records of 525 eyes of 514 cases of pediatric ocular trauma from 2006 to 2010 were reviewed, and the clinical features, treating result were analyzed. Results The ratio of male to female was 4.65： 1. The most common age was 4 - 8 years, accounting for 49.22% of patients. The lowest incidence of trauma in children was at 0 - 1 years old, accounting for 2.53%. The ratio of sharp in- strument injury was higher than the blunt injury and blast injury. The corneal penetrating injury accounted for 46.89% , ranked first of all, followed by the scleral, eyelids laceration. The bamboo and scissors were the most common causative agents, accounting for 42.58%. There was no statistically significant difference in injury time distribution. The injuries in the Spring Festival and February were relatively high, accounting for 28.02% of the total injuries. Conclusion The rate of pediatric ocular trauma in Shaanxi area is higher than the other parts of the western China during the same period. It has high rate of blindness. The clinical features are different from adult ocular trauma. Therefore, preventive measures should be applied to reduce the ocular trauma in children.