要素投入、制度变迁与农业增长——基于黑龙江省、山东省和全国数据的实证检验

Factor inputs,Institutional Change and Agricultural Growth——Based on the empirical data of Heilongjiang Province,Shandong Province and our country

本文以黑龙江省、山东省和全国的农业数据为样本,构建投入要素、制度变迁与农业增长的计量模型,实证分析了土地、劳动力、化肥量、机械动力、家庭联产承包责任制以及土地流转政策对农业增长的影响,得出以下结论:从全国范围内看,土地、劳动力对农业增长的促进作用不太明显;化肥在部分地区能够带来农业增产;机械动力在全国范围内都能拉动农业增长,科技对农业的贡献逐年增加;家庭联产承包责任制调动了农民的劳动积极性,提高了劳动效率,带来了农业的增产增收;伴随着农业科技的推广,大量劳动力的合理转移,家庭联产承包责任制在部分地区也出现了不适应的情况;土地流转经营政策的提出具有重大战略意义,然而不是所有地区都适合推广这一政策。

Taking Heilongjiang Province, Shandong Province and nationwide agricultural data as samples, this article builds factor inputs, agricultural land system and agricultural growth econometric model, then empirical analyze land, labor, fertilizer volume, mechanical power, the household contract responsibility system and land transfer policies on agricultural development. Empirically, we found that： effects of land and labor on agricultural growth are not obvious in our country; fertilizer use can bring agricultural pro-duction in some places; mechanical power can promote agricultural growth in the whole country, technol-ogy contributes more to agriculture year by year; household contract responsibility system can mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, improve labor efficiency and promote agricultural production and income; with the promotion of agricultural science and reasonable transfer of labor, Household contract responsibility, sys- tem cannot be suited to the situation in some areas; land transfer operating policies have strategic signifi- cance, but not all provinces are suitable to popularize this policy.