八仙山国家级自然保护区典型森林群落结构及物种多样性研究

Analyses on Community Structure and Species Diversity of Typical Forest in Baxianshan National Natural Reserve

采用样方法调查了八仙山自然保护区7个典型森林群落.在划分群落类型基础上,分析了各群落的物种组成、生活型、垂直结构,采用物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数分析物种多样性.结果表明,(1)7个典型森林群落隶属于2个植被型的7个群系、7个群丛,其中暖性针阔混交林为2个群系,2个群丛,典型落叶阔叶林为5个群系,5个群丛.(2)所调查的样方中共记录维管植物39科,67属,92种(含变种).(3)各群落均由乔木层、灌木层和草本层3层构成,具有典型北方森林特征.(4)不同群落的多样性指数差异显著:物种丰富度于同一群落不同层片存在较大差异.栓皮栎-荆条-矮丛苔草群丛及白蜡树+核桃楸-雀儿舌头-大叶铁线莲群丛为草本层丰富度最高,其余群丛为乔木层丰富度最高,各层物种丰富度排序多样.Simpson优势度指数表现为槲栎+吴茱萸-大花溲疏-凸脉苔草群丛和栓皮栎-荆条-矮丛苔草群丛高于其它群丛,并均以栎属树种为优势种.Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数主要表现为油松+核桃楸-三裂绣线菊+大花溲疏-矮丛苔草群丛、油松+蒙古栎-三裂绣线菊-矮丛苔草群丛、核桃楸-小花溲疏-糙苏群丛及白蜡树+核桃楸-雀儿舌头-大叶铁线莲群丛高于其它群丛,表明其信息量大、内部结构较复杂、物种分布较均匀.群落生境与其多样性密切相关,其中坡向对多样性组成影响显著.

7Typical forest communities in Baxianshan Natural Reserve were surveyed by using quardart method.Species composition,life form,vertical structure were analysed basing on dividing flora types.Species diversity was analysed by adopting Species richness indexes, Simpson dominance indexes,Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes and Pielou evenness indexes. The results showed that,（1）7typical forest communities in Baxianshan belonged to 2vegetation types,7formations and 7associations.The warm coniferous and broad-leaved mixed for- est contained 2formations and 2associations.The typical broad-leaved deciduous forest contained 5formations and 5associations.（2）92species（including varieties）vascular plants belonging to 39families and 67genera were recorded in all the quardarts surveyed.（3）All the communities were composed of tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer structure,which were typical boreal forest characteristics.（4）Different communities showed dominant differences in diversity indexes.Species richness within one community in different layers were different. Only Ass.Quercus variabilis-Vitex negundo var.heterophylla-Carex humilis var.nana and Ass.Fraxinus chinensis＋Juglans mandshurica-Leptopus chinensis-Clematis heracleifolia showed the highest species richness in herb layer,and the rest communities showed the highest species richness in tree layer.Every layer＇s species rank was different.Simpson indexes showed that the numerical value of Ass.Quercus aliena ＋Euodia rutaecarpa-Deutzia grandi- flora＋Carex lanceolata and Ass.Quercus variabilis-Vitex negundo var.heterophyllaCarex humilis var.nana were higher than others＇,and the dominant tree species all belonged to Quercus.Shannon-Wiener indexes and Pielou evenness indexes of Ass.Pinus tabulaeformis ＋Juglans mandshurica-Spiraea trilobata＋Deutzia grandiflora-Carex humilis var.nana, Ass.Pinus tabulaeformis＋Quercus mongolica-Spiraea trilobata-Carex humilis var.nana, Ass.Juglans mandshurica-Deutzia parviflora-Phlomis umbrosa and Ass.Fraxinus chinensis ＋Juglans mandshurica-Leptopus chinensis-Clematis heracleifolia were higher than others＇. It indicated that the four communities were informative with relatively complex internal structure and more uniform species distribution.Different habitats of communities were closely related with diversity,in which slope played an important role.