我国钾肥产业发展形势与建议

Development situation and suggestions on potash fertilizer industry in China

我国钾肥产量从1990年的3.6万t(K2O,下同)增加到2012年的377.4万t。产量增加的同时,产品种类呈现多样化,除原有氯化钾外,硫酸钾、硫酸钾镁、硝酸钾等都有生产。钾肥进口依存度从1980年97.5%下降到目前50%左右。但由于钾肥资源缺乏,钾肥产量依然不能满足消费,进口量依然很大。2012年进口388.6万t,位居印度之后居世界第2。资源型钾肥主要集中在青海和新疆,分别占资源型钾肥产量的78.8%和18.1%。加工型钾肥主要分布在四川、广东和山东用肥大省,产量合计31.8万t,占加工型钾肥总量的45.9%。近年来,我国工农业钾肥消费量约600万t,趋于稳定。据中国钾盐(肥)分会统计,我国钾肥产能已经达到514万t,未来产能还会增加。为防止钾矿资源过快耗竭,应避免产能过快发展。另外,应鼓励海外钾肥项目投资和加大国内钾长石制钾肥的研究与利用,多元化途径解决我国钾肥资源缺乏的问题。

The potash industry is gradually established in China. Potash production increases from 36 000 tons （K20） in 1990 to 3.8 million tons in 2012. At the same time, the types of K-fertilizers are becoming diversified. For instance, in addition to potassium chloride, the production of potassium sulfate, magnesium potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and chloride-free potash increase rapidly. The degree of dependence on potash imports declines from 97.5% in 1980 to the present 50%. However, due to the scarcity of potash resources, potash production cannot meet the consumption and imports remain high. China is still the second largest importing country of K-fertilizers, and imports reach 3.9 MT. Resource-based potash producers are mainly concentrated in Qinghai and Xinjiang, which accounts for 78.8% and 18.1 of total production of resource-based K-fertilizers respectively. Processing producers of K-fertilizers are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guangdong, and Shandong province. The total production reaches 318 000 tons which accounts for 45.9% of the total production of processing-potash fertilizers. In recent years, the consumption of K fertilizers is stabilizing at 6 MT, while the production capacity has reached 5.14 MT. In order to prevent the rapid depletion of potassium resources, the K-fertilizer industry should avoid excessive development. In addition, overseas investment should be encouraged and increased domestic research and utilization of potassium feldspar and potassium fertilizer,and diversified the ways to solve the shortage of potash resources in China.