一种无风条件非限制空间灭火水流量计算模型

A calculation model of water flow required for windless unrestricted space firefighting

针对计算灭火时消防水流量的需求问题,给出了确定直接灭火的消防水流量和冷却防护作用的水流量的计算方法,并结合实验进行了验证。首先,基于燃烧过程中能量平衡和转化的关系,给出了灭火过程中能量转移量值的三点基本假设。之后,据此完成了直接灭火的消防水量和冷却防护作用所需水量的计算。最后,从燃烧过程空气需求量的角度提出了火焰熄灭的状态判据,对直接灭火所需的消防水流量进行了计算;对灭火过程中防护作用的消防水流量的计算,则考虑了能量转移过程中热辐射的比例关系,并结合灭火人员位置与火场区域的视角系数的求解,得出了消防人员灭火位置的热辐射通量,再根据热辐射通量计算防护作用水流量的量值。消防灭火中总的水流量即为直接灭火和冷却防护作用所需水流量的总和。

For the calculation of the amount of water flow required in fire fighting, a calculation me- thod is proposed to determine the water flow for direct offensive operations and defensive operations. And the method is validated in experiments. Based on the relationship between energy balance and transformation in the process of combustion, three basic assumptions of energy transfer are presented, the flame extinguishing criterion is put forward from the view point of the demand for air in the com- bustion process, and the amount of water required for offensive operations is calculated. Considering the proportion of thermal radiation in energy transfer, the amount of water demanded for defensive operations is calculated. In combination with the solution of the firemen＇s position and perspective co- efficient in the fire area, the amount of radiation heat flux can be worked out, by which the amount of water flow for defensive operations can be calculated. The total water flow demanded for firefighting is the sum of the flows for offensive and defensive operations.