城镇居民收入差距的因素分解——基于劳动者个体特征的研究

Factor Decomposition of Urban Residents' Income Gap—— A Study Based on the Workers Individual Characteristics

基于1988～ 2008年天津市城镇居民家户调查数据,使用基尼系数分解方法,从劳动者特征角度对城镇居民收入差距进行了分解分析,研究认为劳动者行业差别、就业性质以及受教育程度成为影响城镇居民收入差距最重要的三大因素.在此基础上,进一步运用泰尔指数分解方法,从行业差别、就业性质以及受教育程度等3个维度对影响城镇居民收入差距的劳动者个体因素进行再分解,分析发现所有制性质和行政垄断决定的行业差别是引起近年来我国城镇居民收入差距迅速扩大的主要原因,因此调节城镇居民收入差距的重点在于对垄断的规制.

This paper, based on the household survey data of Tianjin urban residents from 1988 to 2008, using the decom- position method of Gini coefficient, gives a decomposition analysis to the gap between the incomes of urban residents from the perspective of workers characteristics. It suggests that workers industry differences, the nature of employment as weU as the level of education are the three most important factors in the gap between the incomes of urban residents. On this basis, a further study is using the Thiel＇ s index decomposition method. The result shows that the industry difference decision of nature of ownership and administrative monopoly is main reason of urban income gap＇ s rapid expansion in recent years.