跳跃远度项目起跳技术生物力学特征对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Biomechanical Characteristicsin the Take-off Skills of Male Athletes' Long Jump Sports Items

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法和统计法,对同一级别男子三级跳远起跳(第一跳)和跳远起跳技术的力学特征进行对比分析.两者生物力学特征的差异主要表现为:冲击阶段,跳远运动员起跳着板瞬间至进入屈膝缓冲瞬间,跳远受到的冲击力较大,且呈现出较大差异;反射蹬伸阶段,跳远的反射蹬伸峰值较大,因此跳远的腾起角较大.从动力学参数来看,跳远起跳更侧重于"用力跳",三级跳远第一跳则更侧重于"快速起".

By means of mathematical statistics, literature reviews, experiments and statistical analysis, the mechanical characteristics in the take-off technology of both men＇s triple jump and long jump were subjected to a contrastive analysis. The biomechanical characteristics of the two differ chiefly： in the sprint stage, a long jump athlete receives a stronger impact than a triple jumper in the period through the board-landing instant to the dipping instant of knees; in the reflective stretching stage, the peak value of long jumper＇s reflective stretching force is bigger, so the long jumper＇s take-off angle is bigger. In terms of kinetic parameters, all a best long jumper does is to give an all-out ＂jump＂ while the best triple jumper focuses most on a rapid take-off.