秋延后栽培对葡萄生长与果实品质的影响

Growth and fruit quality of grape affected by late autumn cultivation

为研究秋延后栽培技术对葡萄生长与果实品质的影响,以晚熟品种白罗莎里奥为试验材料,以常规栽培为对照,研究秋延后栽培对葡萄物候期、百果粒质量、果实纵径、果实横径、纵与横径比、硬度、可溶性固形物、酒石酸含量、固酸比以及植株成熟枝条长度、节间长度和粗度的影响。结果显示,与常规栽培相比,秋延后栽培能明显延迟葡萄的物候期,其完熟期(2011年11月14日)比常规栽培完熟期(2011年9月5日)延后70 d;秋延后栽培完熟期采收葡萄果实的百果粒质量、果粒纵径、果粒横径、果粒纵径与横径比、酒石酸含量均低于常规栽培完熟期采收葡萄,但果实硬度、可溶性固形物和固酸比均高于常规栽培葡萄;秋延后栽培完熟期采收葡萄的硬度、可溶性固形物和固酸比均高于常规栽培下延迟采收的葡萄;秋延后栽培葡萄成熟枝条的长度、节间长度和节间粗度均极显著低于常规栽培。表明,秋延后栽培技术在一定程度上抑制了葡萄植株和果实的生长,延迟葡萄的物候期,但提高果实的品质。

To study the effect of the late autumn cultivation （LAC） on the growth and fruit quality of grape, Rosario Bianco was used as material to determine the phenophase, 100-berry weight, longitudinal diameter （LD）, transverse diameter （TD）, ratio of LD to TD, firmness, total soluble solid （TSS）, tartaric acid content （TAC）, ratio of TSS to TAC of fruit, as well as the length, internode length （IL） and internode thickness （IT） of mature branches. Compared with the conventional cultivation （ CC）, the LAC delayed the phenophase, resulting in 70 d late for maturity. The 100-berry weight, LD, TD, ratio of LD to TD and TAC of late autumn cultivated （LAC） grape were much lower than those of the conventionally-cultivated grape; however, the firmness, TSS and ratio of TSS to TAC were much higher. The firmness, TSS, and ratio of TSS to TAC of conventionally-cultivated and harvest delayed（CCHD） grape were much lower than those of late autumn cultivated （LAC） grape, whereas the length, IL and IT of mature branches of CCHD grape were significantly higher than those of LAC grape. It would be concluded that late autumn cultivation could inhibit the growth of the plants and the fruits, and delay the grape phe- nophase significantly, but improve the fruit quality.