上海市部分鸟类寄生蠕虫感染情况调查

INVESTIGATION ON HELMINTHS IN BIRDS FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA

为了解上海市鸟类寄生虫感染现状,于2012年从上海市部分花鸟市场分批购买了11科21种103只鸟,采用完全剖检法对鸟类消化道及各脏器进行寄生虫检查。结果显示,有14种33只鸟检出蠕虫,鸟种类的蠕虫感染率为66.67%(14/21),鸟个体的蠕虫感染率为32.04%(33/103),其中黄鹂、灰背鸫、灰喜鹊、丝光椋鸟、喜鹊、野鹌鹑等6种鸟的检出率较高,感染率为60%～100%。在检出蠕虫的14种33只鸟中,共检获蠕虫932条,其中从9种16只鸟检获吸虫268条,从8种17只鸟检获绦虫631条,从7种12只鸟检获线虫17条,从4种7只鸟检获棘头虫16条。在检获的932条蠕虫,分别来自肺脏、肾脏、肝脏(胆囊)、肠道,而在心脏、气管、胃、皮下等组织器官未检出蠕虫。肠道是寄生虫寄生的主要场所,从27只鸟的肠道检获746条蠕虫,分别占阳性鸟和蠕虫数的81.82%(27/33)、80.04%(746/932);其次为肝脏(胆囊),从8只鸟的肝脏(胆囊)检获182条蠕虫,分别占阳性鸟和蠕虫数的24.24%、19.53%。在感染强度上,野鸽子和乌灰鸫的蠕虫感染强度最高,平均每只分别检出171条和123条,其次为灰背鸫(53条/只)。调查结果表明,上海市鸟类寄生虫的种类多,且蠕虫的各大类(吸虫、绦虫、线虫、棘头虫)均有检出,依据检获的虫体数量,绦虫和吸虫是鸟类的主要寄生虫,调查结果为初步掌握上海市鸟类寄生虫的感染现状、做好鸟类寄生虫病的防控提供了基础数据。

In order to investigate the prevalence of parasites in birds, total 103 birds belonging to 21 species were obtained in 2012 from two Shanghai markets. Among these birds, 33 （32.4%） birds of 14 species were tested to have helminths. High infection rates （60%-100%） were found in birds of 6 species including Qrious, Turdushortulorum, Cyanopicacyanus, Sturnussericeus, Pica pica and Coturnixcoturnix. A total of 932 helminths were detected in 33 birds, 268 trematodas in 16 birds of 9 species, 631cestodes in 17 birds of 8 species, 17 nematodes in 12 birds of 7 species and 16 acanthocephalas in 7 birds of 4 species. These helminths were found in lungs, livers, kidneys and guts but not in hearts, tracheas, stomaches and subcutaneous layers. Among 932 helminthes observed in 33 birds, 746 helminths （80.04%） lived in guts of 27 birds （81.82%） and 182 helminths （19.53%） lived in livers of 8 birds （24.24%）. High infection rates of helminthes were found in Columba and Turduscardis. Each of Columba examined in the study had 171 helminths and each Turduscardis had 123 helminths. These results suggested that birds from Shanghai markets carried a high diversity of helminths, including trematoda, cestode, nematode and acanthocephalan.