数控机床伺服系统故障机制分析研究

Research on Fault Mechanism Analysis for CNC Servo System

伺服系统作为数控装置和机床本体的中间环节,其性能的优劣在很大程度上决定了数控机床的性能。伺服系统一旦发生故障,将会使机床的加工精度及效率下降,甚至会造成整个数控系统无法正常工作。伺服系统的故障形式呈多样化,故障原因也很复杂。为了及时、准确地确定并排除系统的故障,简要介绍了数控机床伺服系统故障类型,然后对传动装置、驱动系统和检测部件这三大部分的故障机制进行深入分析,为数控机床伺服系统的故障诊断与预报提供理论依据。并以传动装置与电机的主要部件轴承为例,利用小波分析的方法对其故障进行分析。

Servo system which performance largely determines the performance of numerical control machine is the middle link connecting numerical control device and machine tool. When the servo system goes wrong, the precision and the service life of the ma- chine tool will he down, or even lead the case that the numerical control system can not work. The fauh forms of servo system are vari- ous and the fault reasons are very complicated. In order to determine and eliminate the system fault promptly and accurately, the failure types of numerical control machine tool servo system were introduced firstly. Then the fault mechanisms of drive system, transmission device and detection parts were analyzed deeply which provided reliable basis for fault diagnosis. Taking hear of transmission device and motor as example, the wavelet analysis method was used to analyze its failure.