男同性恋者的孤独感、自尊和依恋

Loneliness,self-esteem and attachment in gay men

目的:了解男同性恋者的孤独感、自尊和依恋的状况及三者关系,为男同性恋者心理健康的干预提供新的视角。方法:在网站上招募男同性恋者172名,另外通过男同性恋者交友聚会,发放纸质问卷63份,最终获有效问卷202份。按年龄和职业1∶1配对男异性恋组(n=202)。采用UCLA孤独量表(UCLA)、自尊量表(SES)和亲密关系经历量表(ECR)进行测评。结果:男同性恋者的UCLA得分和依恋焦虑得分均高于男异性恋者[(46.8±9.0)vs.(43.2±8.4),(4.1±1.1)vs.(3.7±0.9);均P<0.001],而SES得分和依恋回避得分均低于男异性恋者[(27.8±5.1)vs.(29.9±4.1),(3.4±0.7)vs.(3.9±0.6);均P<0.001]。男同性恋者中,无固定恋爱对象组的UCLA得分高于有固定恋爱对象组[(49.0+8.1)vs.(41.2+8.7),P<0.001],被动型性角色组UCLA得分高于主动型性角色组[(48.5±9.2)vs.(44.6±9.3),P<0.05],异性婚姻意愿"要结婚"组UCLA得分高于"不结婚"组[(48.6±5.3)vs.(45.4±4.8),P<0.05]。逐步多元回归分析显示,男同性恋者的依恋焦虑得分(β=0.40)和依恋回避得分(β=0.23)与UCLA得分呈正相关,SES得分(β=-0.30)与UCLA得分呈负相关(均P<0.001);自尊在依恋焦虑和孤独感之间起着部分中介作用(中介效应为0.14,P<0.001)。结论:男同性恋者的孤独感水平和依恋焦虑水平均高于男异性恋者,自尊水平和依恋回避水平均低于男异性恋者;男同性恋者的孤独感可能与其自尊以及成人依恋有关,而自尊在依恋焦虑和孤独感之间有一定程度的中介作用。

Objective： To investigate the gay men＇s loneliness, self-esteem and adult attachment condition and explore relationships between the three variables, to provide new perspectives for mental intervention. Method： To- tally 172 gay men were recruited on internet by a homosexuality public organization （Shenzhen Action for Love）. And 63 gay men were recruited in gay dating party which organized by ＂Shenzhen gay men＂ QQ group and hetero- sexual men matched with age and occupation were recruited as controls. Totally 202 pairs of subjects were involved finally. Participants were assessed with the Loneliness Scale （UCLA）, Self-Esteem Scale （SES） and Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory （ECR）. Results： The total scores of UCLA and attachment anxiety were higher in gay men than in heterosexual men [（46. 8 ±9. 0） vs. （43.2 ±8.4）, （4. 1 ±1.1） vs. （3.7 ±0. 9）, Ps 〈0. 001], the total scores of SES and attachment avoidance were lower in gay men than in heterosexual men [ （27.8 ±5.1 ） vs. （29. 9 ±4. 1）, （3.4 ±0. 7） vs. （3.9 ±0. 6）, Ps 〈0. 001]. The total scores of UCLA were higher in gay men with no fixed romantic partner than in those with fixed romantic partner [ （49.0 ±8. 1） vs. （41.2 ±8.7）, P 〈 0. 001 ]. The total scores of UCLA were higher in gay men with ＂passive role ＂ than in those with ＂active role＂ [ （48.5 ±9. 2） vs. （44. 6 ±9. 3）, P 〈0. 05]. The total scores of UCLA were higher in gay men with ＂will marry a woman＂ than in those with ＂will never marry a woman＂ [（48.6 ±5.3） vs. （45.4 ±4. 8）, P〈0. 05]. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that scores of attachment anxiety （β= 0.40） and attachment avoidance （β= 0. 23） in gay men were positively correlated with the scores of UCLA, and the scores of SES （β = - 0. 30） was negatively correlated with the scores of UCLA （P 〈 0. 001）. In addition, self-esteem was found to mediate a part of the relationship be- tween attachment anxiety and loneliness, and the mediating effect-was 0. 14 （P 〈 0. 001）. Cunelusiun： It suggests that the levels of loneliness and attachment anxiety are higher in gay men than in heterosexual men, the levels of self-esteem and attachment avoidance are lower in gay men than in heterosexual men, and self-esteem and attach- ment may be related to loneliness, with self-esteem playing a mediating role between attachment anxiety and loneli- ness in gay men.