从非物质文化遗产视角看传统体育的活态传承——以舞龙、龙舟和风筝为例

Living Transmission of Traditional Sport as Seen from Intangible Cultural Heritage——Taking Dragon Dance,Dragon Boating and Flying Kites for Example

运用文献资料、对比分析和比较研究等方法,对舞龙、龙舟、风筝三种典型的民族传统体育形式进行探讨。研究表明:根植于农耕文明的舞龙、龙舟、风筝是龙形象的"三栖"状态,三者以节日为载体,以祭祀或祭祖为出发点,且具备"三民"特性,即民俗、民间、民生。结论:舞龙、龙舟、风筝的发展必须以建立以传承人和生产性保护为重点的动态保护机制,坚持学校化、产业化、国际化道路,才能促使三者"更快、更广、更强"的活态传承。

The aim of this study was to look at three typical traditional Chinese sports-dragon dance,dragon boating and flying kites. Contrast analysis and comparative research were conducted. Results show that the dancing dragon,dragon boats and kites are the triphibious forms of the dragon which was deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization. Among their carriers were festivals which were occasions for sacrificing for ancestors or the god,and the three sports forms have three characteristics in common： being folk customs,coming from the people and being concerned with people＇s livelihood. The study concluded that the ＂quicker,broader and stronger＂living transmission of the three traditional sports entails the establishment of dynamic protection mechanisms centering on the protection of the inheritors and productive protection,with schools,industrialization and globalization as the main transmission channels.