蒙台梭利幼儿体育教育思想及其现代价值

Montessori's Thoughts on Physical Education for Children and Their Contemporary Value

运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法等研究方法,对蒙台梭利幼儿体育教育思想进行分析与研究。蒙台梭利幼儿体育教育思想深受其先辈及当代教育家和生活时代的影响,是在"儿童之家"丰富的体育实践基础上形成的。蒙台梭利幼儿体育教育思想体系包括具有连续性与敏感期的幼儿体育发展观,和谐、均衡发展的教育目的,以肌肉训练、游戏为幼儿体育教育的主要方式,"自我教育"的体育教育原则等四个方面的内容,对意大利乃至整个西方的幼儿体育教育都产生了深远的影响。在贯彻《幼儿园教育指导纲要(试行)》和推进幼儿园课程改革与素质教育的今天,应充分认识与挖掘蒙台梭利幼儿体育教育思想所具有的多方面现实指导价值——热爱儿童、尊重儿童,重视儿童的早期体育教育,强调体育在幼儿素质教育发展过程中的特殊作用,建立平等、合作与互动的师幼关系。

This article analyses and studies Montessorit＇s thoughts on physical education for children. Montessorit was deeply influenced by her ancestors and contemporary educators,and her times,and her thoughts were formed on the basis of rich sports practice in ＂the Children＇s Home＂. Montessori＇s thoughts on physical education for children include viewing child development as having continuity and sensitive periods,seeing the educational purpose as being harmonious and balanced development,thinking of muscular training and games as the main mode of child physical education,and considering＂self-education＂to be the physical education principle. These thoughts produced farreaching effects on physical education for children in Italy and even the whole West World. Today in carrying out Guiding Essentials of Kindergarten Education（ Being Tried Out）,and promoting kindergarten course reform and quality education in China,the practical guidance value of Montessori＇s thoughts on physical education for children need to be fully recognized and tapped. People should love and respect children,attach importance to physical education for children,and build an equal,cooperative and interactive relationship between teachers and children.