中美教材“火箭升空原理”的比较研究

Comparative Research on“Rocket Launch Principle” in Chinese and American Textbook

我国教材要求学生用动量守恒定律理解火箭升空原理，然而又没有考虑火箭重力与空气的阻力．在对火箭获得速度的求解公式说明时，又把火箭在极短时间内喷出的微量燃气，当作火箭发射整个过程中喷出燃气的总量，以致出现用教材中的数据套用教材的公式计算火箭获得的速度与实际情况大相径庭．美国教材要求学生从力的有关知识理解火箭升空原理，配有原理图，显得生动活泼，浅显易懂．

Our textbook requires students to understand rocket launching with the taw of conservation of momentum, and ignore rocket gravity and air resistance. At the same time, when we extpain the formula that rocket gains speed, we think of the finite gas the rocket erupts as the total amount of gas. Because of this, when we calculate rocket speed obtained with the formula in the book, the result makes a great difference from the fact. American textbook requires student to understand rocket launching with the knowledge of force and gives illustrative diagram, which makes it lively and easy to understand.