俄罗斯政治文化与波兰政治文化比较研究

A Comparative Study of Political Culture in Russia and Poland

俄罗斯人和波兰人拥有同一血脉,属于同一语族,拥有全斯拉夫种族的特性,却又如此不同,近乎对立,从鄙视到仇恨,也不排除莫名其妙的互相吸引,但始终互不信任。俄罗斯和波兰两个国家形成了两种对立的政治制度:俄国沙皇专制制度和波兰贵族民主制度。俄罗斯人在专制制度和东正教会的熏陶下,养成了忠于沙皇、热爱祖国的爱国主义和集体主义精神。波兰人在贵族民主制度和天主教会的培育下养成了酷爱民主自由与桀骜不驯的民族性格和宽容开放的文化传统。普希金和密茨凯维奇是俄罗斯和波兰两个民族的伟大诗人,他们个人间的相互钦佩和对立,折射出俄罗斯和波兰两个斯拉夫民族间的文化关系。

The Russians and the Polish have the same blood and are from the same language branch. Although both of them have the characters belonging to all Slavic peoples, there are so many differences even oppositions between them. They despise and hate each other, while at the same time they attract each other mysteriously. However, they never trust each other. Totally different political systems were established in Russia and Po- land ： the Russian Tsarist autocracy and the Polish Nobleman＇s democracy. In Russia, the edification of autoc- racy and Orthodox Church promoted patriotism and collectivism, which meant loyalty to the Tsar and the moth- erland. In Poland, the training of Nobleman＇s democracy and Catholic Church promoted the rebellious nation- ality of freedom - loving, and the cultural tradition of tolerance and opening. The personal admiration and op- position between A. Pushkin and A. Mickiewicz, the great poets of the Russians and the Polish, reflect the cultural relationship between the two Slavic peoples.