中国收入分配制度变迁下的居民收入差距形成研究

A Study on Income Gap of Residents against the Background of the Changes of China's Income Distribution System

中国的收入分配制度和分配原则具有阶段性的变化特征,参与收入分配的主体和要素不断丰富。由于各个时期对效率与公平的侧重有所不同,在中国的劳动和资本要素具有特殊性的作用下,居民收入差距呈现出持续扩大的趋势,使中国处于收入分配差距较大的国家行列。应采取提高普通劳动者的最低工资水平、增加劳动者的人力资本投资、加大二次分配的力度等政策措施,逐步缩小居民收入分配差距。

China＇s income distribution system and distribution principles have the characteristics of periodic vari- ation. The subjects and elements involved in income distribution continuously enrich. The focus varies in differ- ent periods. Sometimes efficiency is more important than equity, and vise versa. Because the labor factor and capital factor can have a special effect on income distribution in China, there is a growing tendency of widening income gap. Now China belongs to the countries where the gap in income distribution is seriously widening. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the minimum wages of ordinary workers and to increase the workers＇ human capital investment. It is still essential to intensify the secondary distribution to gradually narrow the income distri- bution gap of residents.