淹水时长对3种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染2种湿地植物的影响

Effect of Flooding Time Length on Mycorrhizal Colonization of Three AM Fungi in Two Wetland Plants

以不同淹水时长为唯一影响因子,以香蒲(Typha orientalis)和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为宿主植物,选用Glomus属的3种AM真菌(F1菌:Glomus intraradices;F2菌:Glomus versiforme;F3菌:Glomus etunicatum),研究淹水时长对3种AM真菌侵染2种湿地植物的影响,以期为阐明淹水对湿地植物AM结构与功能的影响提供参考.结果表明,淹水时间越长,3种AM真菌对2种植物的侵染率越低;相同淹水时间下,F3菌对香蒲、F1菌和F2菌对水稻的侵染率高于其他菌.3种AM真菌的侵染结构分析表明,菌丝侵染是2种湿地植物形成AM的主要途径,而丛枝和泡囊贡献较小;淹水时间越长,香蒲的菌丝侵染比例越高,但水稻的菌丝侵染比例没明显变化规律;淹水时间越长,2种植物的丛枝侵染比例越低,不淹水时最高.AM真菌产孢数分析表明,淹水时间越长,AM真菌的产孢数越多;相同淹水时长下,F3菌产孢数最多.2种植物的湿重变化表明,3种AM真菌在长时间淹水条件下仍能明显促进香蒲地上和地下部分的生长,但对水稻的生长影响不明显.本研究表明,淹水时长影响AM真菌对湿地植物的侵染水平和侵染结构,淹水条件下AM真菌对湿地植物生长仍有促进作用,但这受宿主植物对AM真菌的菌根依赖性影响.所以,在湿地植物上应用AM真菌时,应考虑植物的菌根依赖性和淹水时长对接种效果的影响.

In order to provide information for elucidating effect of flooding on the formation and function of AM in wetland plants, three AM fungi （Glomus intraradices, Glomus versiforme, Glomus etunicatum） were used to investigate the effects of flooding time length on their colonization in cattail （ Typha orientalis） and rice （ Oryza sativa L. ）. The results showed that the mycorrhizal colonization rate （MCR） presented downtrend with increasing flooding time length. In cattail, MCR of the fungus F3 was higher than those of fungi F1 and F2, but no significant difference in MCR was found between fungi F1 and F2. In rice, the MCRs of fungi F2 and F3 were higher than that of F1. In both plants, the proportional frequency of hyphae was the highest while the proportional frequency of arbuscules and vesicles was very low in all treatments, indicating that hyphal colonization was the main route for AM formation. The proportional frequency of hyphae in cattail increased with the flooding time length, but no significant trend was observed in rice plant. The proportional frequency of arbuseules decreased with the increase of flooding time, and was the highest in the treatment without flooding （treatment IV ）. The number of spores produced by AM fungi increased with increasing flooding time, and reached the highest in the treatment of long time flooding （treatment I ）. In the same treatment, the fungus F3 produced more spores than fungi F1 and F2. Changes in wet weight of the two plants showed that AM could increase cattail growth under flooding, but little effect on rice growth was found. It is concluded that flooding time length significantly affected the mycorrhizal colonization rate and the proportional frequency of colonization. AM could enhance the growth of wetland plant, but this depends on the mycorrhizal dependence of host plant on AM fungi. Therefore, flooding time length should be considered in the inoculation of wetland plants with AM fungi.