中国陆地生态系统土壤异养呼吸变异的影响因素

Factors Influencing the Variability in Soil Heterotrophic Respiration from Terrestrial Ecosystem in China

土壤异养呼吸是生态系统碳平衡估算中的关键因子之一.通过文献调研,收集了中国陆地生态系统中土壤异养呼吸的观测数据,同时收集整理了试验地点气候资料(年总降水量和年平均气温)和环境因子(如树木生长年龄)指标.结果表明,异养呼吸与土壤呼吸的关系可用幂函数方程描述,异养呼吸随土壤呼吸的增大而增大,该幂函数方程可解释异养呼吸73%(R2=0.730,P<0.001)的变异.异养呼吸与年总降水量以及年平均气温的关系均可用一元线性方程描述.异养呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例与年总降水量、年平均气温的关系均可用对数回归方程描述,异养呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例随年总降水量的增大和年平均气温的升高而减小.异养呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例随树龄的增大而增大,两者之间的关系可用幂函数方程描述.进一步的结果表明,经验模型模拟得到的异养呼吸模拟值与实际样地观测结果之间呈显著的线性回归关系,采用的经验统计模型可较好地模拟异养呼吸的变异.

Soil heterotrophic respiration is one of the key factors for estimating ecosystem carbon balance. Measurement data of soil heterotrophie respiration from terrestrial ecosystem in China were collected. Climate data （annual precipitation and annual mean air temperature） and relevant environmental factors （e. g. tree age） were also collected. Results indicated that the relationship between heterotrophie respiration and soil respiration could be explained by a power function. Heterotrophie respiration increased with the increase of soil respiration. The power function explained 73% of the variability （R2 = 0. 730, P 〈 0. 001 ） in heterotrophie respiration. The linear equation could be used to explain the relationship between heterotrophie respiration and annual precipitation/mean annual air temperature. The logarithmic regression equation could be employed to describe the relationship between the ratio of heterotrophie respiration to soil respiration and annual precipitation/mean annual air temperature. The ratio of heterotrophic respiration to soil respiration increased with the increase of tree age; a power function could be used to explain the relationship between the ratio of heterotrophic respiration to soil respiration and tree age. Further investigation showed that the relationship between measured annual heterotrophic respiration and modeled heterotrophic respiration by using an empirical model could be described by a linear function, indicating that the empirical model well fitted the variability in heterotrophic respiration.