商品贸易结构变动对劳动收入份额的影响

Effects of Merchandise Trade Structure Changes on Labor Income Share

本文从贸易结构变动出发,为研究我国劳动收入份额变动的原因提供一种新的视角。近年来我国商品贸易结构发生了重要变动。理论分析表明,对外贸易不仅通过国际分工和专业化对劳动收入份额产生直接影响,还通过要素密集度变化和技术进步偏向等机制产生间接影响;实证研究发现,出口发展对我国劳动收入份额具有显著的负向作用,进口发展则具有正向作用。进出口贸易对不同要素密集度行业的影响程度与方向存在差异。

This paper provides a new perspective for the reasons of the change in labor income share in China from the changes of trade structure. There are sig- nificant changes in the structure of commodities trade in our country in recent years. Theoretical analysis shows that international trade not only has a direct im- pact on the labor share of income through international division and specialization, but also has an indirect effect through two mechanisms as factor intensity change and technology deflection. Empirical studies have found that the export has a sig- nificant negative effect on the share of labor income while the import has weak posi- tive effect after controlling other influencing factors. Moreover, the degree and the direction of the effects of import and export differ in different types of factor inten- sity industries.