英语“V＋ing”的形容词化研究

A Research of English “Verb + ing” into Adjective

本研究以《韦氏大词典》(11版)、《牛津英语词典》(第3版)、《柯林斯高阶英语学习词典》为依据,将其中英语动词+ing转化为形容词的情况全部收录。观察发现,在这一过程中词义变化有5种类型:词义不变、词义转移、词义扩大、词义缩小、词义缩转,转化成的形容词词义有3种类型:行为动作义、感受评价义、存续状态义。我们对5种变化类型做了详细的描述。然后,我们分析了转化过程中的理据:1)相似联想原则,我们分析了4种类型的隐喻;2)相近联想原则,我们分析了2大类型、10小类型的转喻;3)记忆易取原则;4)感受评价突出原则;5)搭配缩义原则;6)(-ing形容词与-ed形容词)分形取义原则。

Based on Merriam-Webster^s Collegiate Dictionary （Eleventh Edition）, Oxford Dictionary of English （Third Edi- tion） and Collins Cobuild Advanced Learner＇ s Dictionary, we gather all the ＇ -ing＇ adjectives and their corresponding verbs. Our analysis shows that there are five types of meaning change： keeping, shifting, expanding, narrowing, narrow-shifting and that the meanings of the adjectives are of three kinds ： 1 ） actions and behaviours ; 2 ） feelings and evaluations ; 3 ） ongoing conditions. We also probe into the motivations of the transformation： 1 ） the principle of similar association, which involves four types of metaphors ; 2） the principle of adjacent association, which involves two major/ten minor types of metonymies ; 3 ） the principle of memory accessibility; 4） the principle of highlighting feeling and evaluation; 5 ） the principle of narrowing meaning through fixed collocation; 6） the principle of ＇-ing＇ and ＇-ed＇ transformations from the same source verb leading to different meanings.