卟啉化合物的固载化及其应用的研究概况

Research Progress of Immobilization and Application of Porphyrins

卟啉是一类重要的大环化合物,广泛存在于自然界和生命体中,具有广泛的应用。由于自由卟啉化合物的化学稳定性差,天然卟啉通常在特定的天然大分子(多肽)环境中发挥其特性,因此,人们研究开发了多种担体,固载化卟啉和金属卟啉,大大拓展了其应用范围。本文综述了文献报道的卟啉及金属卟啉的常用固载载体、常用的固载方法、以及固载型卟啉化合物在催化和传感器等领域的最新应用进展,展望了卟啉的固载化和固载型卟啉的应用前景。

Porphyrins are an important large class of macro-cyclic compounds, and exist extensively in nature and living bodies. The unique chemical structure of porphyrins endows them with superior physical, chemical and optical properties that make them to have broad applications in many fields. However, free porphyrins have intrinsic limitations, e.g. , poor chemical stability, it-reusability, processing difficulty and so on. These limitations hinder their applications greatly. The natural porphyrins usually coexisted with some specific natural macromolecules. Under certain conditions, porpbyrins could fully exert their functions. Accordingly, many suitable materials have been developed to immobilize porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in order to overcome the defects of free porphyrins described above and expand their applications. In this review, the common carriers of porphyrins, the usual methods for immobilizing porphyrins, and the latest application of immobilized porphyrin compounds in catalysis, sensor, and so on have been summarized. The application prospectives of immobilized porphyrins is also presented.