甲骨文“各”“■”源流考辨

Research and Identification on the Origin and Development of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Ge(各) and Ge(■)

"各"、"■"见于甲骨文。早期甲骨文形体,其下面构件有"凵"、"口"两选,以"口"居多并成为"各"字后世的基本构件。"■"是"各"的异体字,于殷廪辛、康丁时期出现,其语义取"来、至"。"各"、"■"并行于两周,以"各"为主,铭文记录表示"来、到","■"自西周中期以后便退出书面语言的使用,与之相应"格"出现。"各"、"■"二字的"来、至"义后为"格"所取代,"各"及其异体字或发生语义变化,或仅保留在方言、字书中。

Ge（各） and Ge（[彳各]） were found in oracle bone inscriptions. Character pattems of oracle bone inscriptions in early stage had Kan（凵）, Kou（口） as the options of the lower half components, of which Kou（口） took the majority and became the basic building block of Ge（各） hereafter. Ge（[彳各]） was the variant form of Ge（各） which took the meaning of ＂come, arrive＂. It appeared in Lin Xin（ 辛）, Kang Ding（康丁） Period in Yin（殷） Dynasty. Ge（各） and Ge（[彳各]） were in parallel use in the Dynasties of Western Zhou（西周） and Eastern Zhou（东周） with Ge（各） taking the priority. They meant ＂come, arrive＂ according to the bronze inscriptions. Ge（[彳各]） was out of use as written language since the mid Western Zhou（周） Dynasty. Ge（各） appeared correspondingly and replaced Ge（各） and Ge（[彳各]） to have the meaning of ＂come, arrive＂. From then on, Ge（各） and its variants had semantic changes and their ＂come, arrive＂ meaning only retained in dialect and dictionary.