美国高等教育制度的传承、变革与启示

Historical Roots of American Higher Education Institution:The Inheritance and Changes of Colonial Collegiate Arrangements

美国高等教育制度变迁,一方面体现在对传统高等教育制度的承继,如沿袭传统模式的文理学院、大学外部控制模式、学术自治与政府不干涉主义等特征;另一方面体现在适应经济社会发展的制度变革,引进现代科学技术服务经济社会、重视研究生教育和科学研究、以社区教育促进高等教育普及化。美国高等教育制度化不仅坚持传统,且不断进行制度创新,同时崇尚自由竞争、发挥市场机制,尊重学术自治、完善政府调控。从中美比较而言,我国应在继承高等教育制度传统基础上,不断完善现代高等教育制度;加强高等教育与经济社会的联系,充分发挥市场机制;加强高等教育立法建设,避免非理性制度变革。

Modem higher education institution in American is rooted on the inheritance of traditional liberal education, the external governance mode, academic autonomy and non-government interference. Also, modern higher education institution is the changes to meet the needs of economic social development, such as introduction of modem knowledge, graduate education and assistant degree. The change of American HE is meaningful to us to establish modem HE institution.