德国博士后科研后备人才资助：机构、形式与特点

The Funding for Post-docs and Junior Researchers in Germany： Institutions, Forms and Characteristics

作为国家科研与创新战略的一个重要组成部分。德国非常重视对博士后阶段科研后备人才的培养与资助。资助机构包括联邦政府、州政府、高校、校外科研机构和基金会等学术资助组织。资助形式主要有科研项目、工作岗位、奖学金、学术奖项等。德国对博士后的资助表现出以下特点：资助机构和形式具有多元性和互补性，资助规模和力度大，按资助对象进行分类资助，资助措施具有国际化导向，注重家庭维度和性别之间的机会公平。重视对资助项目的科学跟踪、评估和持续改善．富有科学性。

As an important part of its national strategy for research and innovation, Germany attaches great importance to the promotion and financing of junior researchers in the post ,doctoral phase. The funding institutions include the federal government, state government, universities, non-university research institutions and funding organizations （such as the foundations）. The main funding forms are as follows： research projects, jobs, scholarships, grants, scientific prizes etc. The funding for postdocs in Germany has the following characteristics： the funding institutions and forms are diverse and complementary, the amount of funding is large, the postdocs are financed according to the classification, the funding measures are internationally oriented, and take the family dimension into account. Emphasis is also placed on the equal opportunities for both sexes, and the scientific monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement of the funding measures, which make them scientific.