基于分形理论的旅游景区地质灾害危险性评估--以青岛崂山为例

Geohazard assessment of tourist attractions based on fractal theory:a case study of Qingdao Laoshan

在地质灾害研究中,诱发因素分析是灾害研究的一个重要环节,也是一个十分复杂的过程,而人类频繁活动是其中一个不可忽视的影响要素。青岛崂山景区是国家级旅游景点,而旅游产业在增加该地区经济收入和促进该地区发展方面起了重要作用。由于旅游产业的快速发展加剧了人类活动(例如开挖道路、修建休息地、游客接待处),从不同程度上破坏了地质环境,加速了地质灾害隐患的产生。在旅游景区的背景条件下,利用GIS技术将分形理论引入到地质灾害的空间分析中,针对旅游地质灾害影响因子进行了空间分布特征的分析。基于分形理论所得结果,显示出村镇分布、居住区、旅游公路、旅游景点以及景区道路这5个因素是影响较大的因素。研究表明,基于GIS的分形理论在地质灾害风险评估方面起了很大作用,从非线性角度分析地质灾害空间区域的分布特征对旅游业发达地区地质灾害的深入研究有着积极的作用。

Triggering factor analysis of geological hazards is a complex process in disaster research, especially for human activities, which is one of the factors that cannot be ignored. Laoshan scenic spot is tourism attraction of national level, and tourism plays an important role in increasing economic revenue and promoting development. The rapid development of tourism industry intensified human activities, e.g. excavation construction of road, rest spots and tourist reception. To some extent these activities damage the geological environment and accelerate the appearance of potential geological hazards. In this study the fractal theory was introduced to analyze geological disaster spatial distribution using geographic information system （GIS） under tourism background. The study shows that nine factors have influence on the occurrence and development of geohazards, of which five factors, villages distribution, residential areas, tourist routine, tourist attractions and its road in order, have stronger effect. The study demonstrates that GIS-based fractal theory spatial analysis is of immense help in geological disasters risk evaluation, and the nonlinear analysis of geological disaster spatial distribution features plays a positive role in deep-going research of geological disaster in tourism-developed region.