厚葬的殇者,驱祟的仪式——南阳许阿瞿画像石墓个案研究

The Portrait of Lavish Burial Ceremony and Ghost-Repelling Ritual——An Analysis on Xu A-qu's Tomb in Nanyang City

汉魏时期,夭折儿童瓮棺葬的习俗依然广泛存在。其原因包括人伦亲情、礼仪规范以及人们对凶祟殇魂的排斥与恐惧。许阿瞿画像石墓是汉代殇葬的特例,其建造目的在于用画像石墓厚葬的规格与隔离生死两界的功能完成对"儿鬼"的驱祟仪式。为使仪式符合汉代丧葬的礼仪,建造者又赋予墓室画像新的内涵,即以一种象征的形式为成为"儿鬼"的许阿瞿举行"成年礼"。

During the Han and Wei Dynasty, the customs of urn burial of the deceased children existed widely mainly due to the family affection, etiquette norm, fear and exclusion of demons. However, the portrait of Xu A-qu＇ s tomb is an exception. The purpose of the tomb is to worshipand drive off the ＂children ghost＂ since the special size of the tomb could insulate life and death. To follow the funeral etiquette of the Han Dynasty, new connotation was added to the portraits as the representative ＂bar mitzvah＂ for ＂ghost＂ Xu A-qu.