河南省不同区域小麦氮肥应用效果及适宜施氮量研究

Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect and Suitable Application Rate on Wheat in Different Regions of Henan Province

为了给河南省小麦氮肥施用提供指导,利用河南省测土配方施肥数据,分析了2005—2009年在河南省进行的489个"3414"田间试验.结果表明,施用氮肥后,全省、豫北、豫南、豫中、豫东及豫西地区小麦分别平均增产37.1%、32.8%、51.1%、31.5%、36.2%和35.0%;平均分别增收1913、1715、2199、1773、2185和1776元/hm2;氮肥农学效率平均分别为9.9、9.1、10.9、9.4、11.5和9.2 kg/kg,氮肥偏生产力平均分别为40.3、39.2、37.7、41.4、45.3和38.9 kg/kg,氮肥对小麦产量的贡献率平均分别为24.7%、23.3%、29.5%、22.4%、25.2%和23.3%,氮肥当季利用率平均分别为32.2%、27.0%、15.9%、47.2%、38.2%和42.3%.表明氮肥对小麦的增产效果明显,豫北、豫南、豫中、豫东及豫西地区适宜施氮量平均分别为134、156、148、169和161 kg/hm2.

In order to guide wheat nitrogen application in Henan Province,489 field experimental data based on National Program of Soil-Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation of Henan Province during 2005-2009 were analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen application increased wheat yield and profit obviously. The average yields increase rate with N fertilizer application of whole province,Yubei, Yunan, Yuzhong, Yudong and Yuxi regions were 37.1%,32.8%,51.1%,31.5%,36.2% and 35.0% respectively,and the average profits increase value were 1913,1715,2199,1773,2185 and 1776 Yuan/hm2,respectively. The values of agronomic efficiency （AE） of whole province,Yubei,Yunan,Yuzhong,Yudong and Yuxi regions were 9.9,9.1,10.9,9.4,11.5 and 9.2 kg/kg, partial factor productivity （PFP） were 40.3,39.2,37.7,41.4,45.3 and 38.9 kg/kg;the fertilizer contribution rates （FCR） were 24.7%,23.3%,29.5%,22.4%,25.2%and 23.3%;the apparent recovery efficiency（RE） were 32.2%, 27.0%,15.9%,47.2%,38.2% and 42.3%,respectively. The wheat yield were affected by nitrogen fertilizer significantly,and average suitable nitrogen rates of Yubei,Yunan,Yuzhong,Yudong and Yuxi regions were 134,156,148,169 and 161 kg/hm2,respectively.