内蒙古地区牛场中双翅目昆虫及其对牛护体行为的影响研究

Study on the Species and Quantities of Dipteral in Cattle Farms and Cattle's Behavioral Responses in Inner Mongolia

为了确定内蒙古地区侵袭牛的双翅目昆虫种类与数量及其与气候的相关性,并确定昆虫对牛体产生的护体行为反应与双翅目昆虫数量之间的相关性。在内蒙古包头市、锡林郭勒盟、呼伦贝尔市、赤峰市和通辽市各选取10头年龄相似、体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛,对当地气候,双翅目昆虫种类、数量以及牛引起护体行为进行测定与统计。结果表明:内蒙古主要牛产地气候的差异与双翅目昆虫的数量之间无相关性(P>0.05);侵袭牛的双翅目昆虫种类主要是家蝇、厩螫蝇,部分地区存在大量的东方角蝇;双翅目昆虫的侵袭引起牛的护体行为反应,在护体行为中摆耳、颤动皮肤、踢腿、甩头均与侵袭牛体特定部位的昆虫数量有显著相关性(P<0.05),而牛的摆尾行为发生频率较高,但与昆虫数量无相关性(P>0.05),形成习惯性摆尾。

In order to determine the species and the quantities of diptera attacking cattle and its correla tion with the climate, meanwhile, to determine the correlation between the behavioral responses caused by diptera and the quantities of diptera, a research was carried out in Baotou, Xilin Gol League, Hulun Buir, Chifeng and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia. 10 Holstein cows of similar age and body condition were selected in each area. The trial determined the local climate, the species and quantities of diptera, and counted the defensive behaviour of the cattle. The results showed that： （1） There was no significant correlation between the climate of different main cattle-raising regions of Inner Mongolia and the quantities of diptera （P 〉0.05）. （2） House Fly and Stable Fly were the main species of diptera. Some areas also had a large number of Oriental Angle fly. （3）Attacks of diptera resulted in behavioral responses of cattle. Among all behaviors, ears wiggles, skin twitches, leg stamps and head throws were significantly correlated to the counts of fly attacking particular parts of cattle（P〈0.05）. Tail flicks were the easiest to quantify, but had no significant correlation with the quantities of diptera（P〈0.05）, which was a habitual behaviour.