微波法合成α-氨基磷酸酯及其在聚氨酯阻燃泡沫中的应用

Synthesis of α-amino Phosphate Assisted by Microwave and Its Application in Polyurethane Foam

采用微波辅助法,以苯胺、苯甲醛、亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,在80℃、功率为300 W的条件下反应2 min,生成α-氨基磷酸酯,并将其作为阻燃剂应用在聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料中。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振谱(1H-NMR、31P-NMR)、质谱(MS)对α-氨基磷酸酯的结构进行了表征,通过热失重分析、极限氧指数、万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜对聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性、阻燃性、机械性能及聚氨酯泡沫孔的形态进行表征。结果表明,与传统的反应方法相比,微波辅助法大大提高了反应的产率,产率高达98%;而且α-氨基磷酸酯能够提高聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性、阻燃性、压缩强度和聚氨酯泡沫孔的规则性。

The flame retardant α-amino phosphate was prepared by using aniline, benzal, dehyde and diethyl phosphite by means of microwave in 80℃ with power as 300 W for 2 rain and then applied it in the polyurethane foam material. The chemical structure was characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and MS. The thermal stability, flame-retardance, mechanical properties and the cell morphology of polyurethane foams were investigated by thermogravimetrie analysis, limiting oxygen index （LOI）, universal testing machine and scanning electron microscopy. It was showed that the total yield can reach to 98% in assistance with the microwave method comparing to the traditional reaction method and the thermal stability, mechanical and flame-retardanted properties, and the compressive strength and the regularity of the cell of polyurethane foams were improved by α-amino phosphate.