脂质体作为骨靶向药物载体的应用研究进展

Research progress of the application of liposomes as bone-targeted drug carrier

目的通过探究脂质体作为骨靶向药物载体的研究进展,以促进其作为特异性骨靶向给药系统进入临床应用。方法应用计算机检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)的相关文献,选择文章内容与骨靶向脂质体相关者,同一领域文献则选择近期发表在权威杂志的文章。结果根据纳入标准选择22篇文献进行综述。结论脂质体作为药物载体,因其制备简单、无毒、无免疫原性、易携载和释放各种药物等特点而备受关注。脂质体经修饰后可通过被动靶向、主动靶向和双重靶向三种靶向方式携带药物沉积于骨中,从而使药物能选择性地作用于骨组织,这将解决一些治疗骨病的药物疗效低、不良反应大的问题。迄今为止研究最多的是主动骨靶向脂质体,即通过对脂质体表面进行化学修饰,使脂质体具有骨趋向性。目前,脂质体作为骨靶向递药系统的研究已取得较大进展,这些研究初步解决了药物骨靶向性的问题,但是脂质体要作为一个理想的骨靶向性药物载体进入临床应用尚有许多待解决的问题。

Objective To explore the research progress of liposome as bone-targeted carrier for drug delivery, in order to promote its clinical application. Methods A computer-based online search in the PubMed database and CNKI database was performed to search the literatures related to bone-targeted liposome. Articles in the same field published recently in authoritative journals were also preferred. Results At last, 22 papers were selected and reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. Conclusion Liposomes as drug carriers were concerned because of its simple preparation, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and facility to overload and release various drugs. Modified liposomes can carry drugs and finally deposit in the bone through 3 ways： passive targeting, active targeting, and dual targeting. Thus, the drugs can selectively act on bone tissue, and overcome the shortcomings of poor efficacy and strong side effects of the drugs. So far the most studied are active bone-targeted liposomes, i.e. liposomes were chemical modified on the surface, then the liposomes have the bone tropism. At present, great progress has been achieved in the research of liposomes as bone-targeted drug delivery system, and the problem that the bone is a drug target has been solved in these studies. But the clinical application of liposomes as an ideal bone-targeted drug carrier is not yet mature, and there are still many issues to be solved.