克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼患病率调查

Prevalence survey of myopia among different nationalities students in Karamay city

目的了解克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼患病率。方法采用横断面调查设计研究。2011年5~6月对克拉玛依市中小学民汉学校进行分层整群随机抽样，抽取在册小学一、三、六年级及初中三年级学生。根据研究需求自行设计调查问卷，现场调查人员由眼科医师、眼科检查技师、验光师和联络人员组成，正式调查前对T作人员进行培训、预调查。采用Epi—data软件建立数据库，所有数据双录入，全部统计T作均由SPSS17．0软件完成。结果此次调查研究实际调查1922人，受检率是91．4％。符合人选标准1775人，查出近视眼695人，近视眼患病率为39．2％。汉族中小学生近视眼患病率为45．2％，维吾尔族中小学生近视眼患病率为17．2％，民族之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=86．079，P=0．000）；女生近视眼患病率高于男生，性别之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=14．494，P=0．000）；年龄按2岁级差分组，六个年龄组之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=321．281，P=0．000；z。=20．001，P=0．001），且有随年龄增长近视眼患病率增加趋势；血型按A型、B型、O型、AB型区分，差异无统计学意义（r=5．284，P=0．152；r=1．763，P=0．623）。汉族中小学生父母双方患近视者，父母一方患近视者及父母双方无近视者，三组之间差异有统计学意义（A3=14．827，P=0．002）；经常食用甜食近视眼患病率高于其他两组（χ2=6．830，P=0．033；r=1．977，P=0．372）；汉族学生每日课余读写时间越长近视眼患病率越高（r=86．584，P=0．000）；而维吾尔族学生每日课余读写不同时间之间差异无统计学意义（χ2=3，650，P=0．161）；每天户外活动时间越长近视眼患病率越低（χ2=37．866，P=0．000；χ2=12．110，P=0．002）。结论近视眼是中小学生视力低下的常见眼病，在多民族聚居地区应采取针对性的措施进行预防和社会干预。

Objective To evaluate the myopia epidemiological situation of different nationality students in primary and secondary schools in Karamayi City. Methods This survey was a cross-sec-tional design, the sample was selected in the first, third and sixth grade primary school and middle school students by stratified random cluster method. According to the research needs to design ques-tionnaires, the survey team comprised of ophthalmologists, technicians, optometrists and administrative staff, the staff was trained before investigation, pre-survey. A database was established using the EPI-data software by double entry method. All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17.0 soft-ware. Results Among 2103 eligible students, 1922 （91.4%） were finally enrolled in the present study. Of 147 （7.6%） were excluded from the final sample due to incompleted examination. The total prevalence of myopia was 39.2% （695）. The prevalence in Han nationality students was 45.2% and 17.2% in Uygur nationality students, there was statistical significant difference between different nation （Z2=86.079, P =0.000）. The prevalence in girl students was much higher than that in boy students, there was statistical significant difference between different gender （χ2=14.494, P =0.000）; there was a statistical significant difference between age groups （22=321.281, P =0.000; χ2=20.001, P =0.001）; there was no statistical significant in different blood types （χ2=5.284, P =0.152; χ2=1.763, P =0.623）. The different prevalence between the three groups, that parents were both myopia, one of the parents was myopia, and both were normal in Han nationality, had a statistical significant. （χ2= 14.827, P =0.002）. The different prevalence between the three groups, that often eating sweets, never eating sweets, and eating sweets occasionally, had a statistical significant, with the prevalence of the first group was higher than the others （χ2=6.830, P =0.033; χ2=1.977, P =0.372）. There was statistical significant in the different prevalence between different daily reading and writing time for Han students. And often more time mean higher prevalence （χ2=86.584, P =0.000）. While, there was no significant for the Uygur students. There was statistical significant for the different prevalence between the different daily outdoor activities, with longer time mean lower prevalence （χ2=37.866, P =0.000; χ2=12.110, P =0.002）. Conclusions It is often happen for the students to become myopia, so in the multi-ethnic region, we should take corresponding measures and social intervention to prevent it.