国内外典型工程滑坡灾害比较

A comparative study of typical engineering landslide disasters both in China and abroad

在搜集和梳理全球一个多世纪以来灾难性工程滑坡实例的基础上,将人类工程活动诱发的滑坡分为4种基本类型和若干亚类:①采矿工程滑坡(包括地下采空型、露天采场型、尾矿坝及排土场型);②水利水电工程滑坡(包括库区岸坡型、水库大坝型、灌溉工程型);③线性基础设施工程滑坡(包括公路及铁路工程型、油气管道工程型);④城市建设复合型工程滑坡。重点剖析了国内外著名的工程滑坡灾害案例,并兼顾一般工程滑坡的共性特征进行分析,综述了各类典型工程滑坡灾害的发育特征、形成机制及部分处置措施。通过不同类型工程滑坡特征的比较分析,总结了工程滑坡成灾的教训和成功处置的经验,为未来工程项目区和城市化过程中工程滑坡的综合防治及风险减缓提供了参考。

The landslide induced by human engineering activity is classified into 4 basic types and several subclasses based on collection and combination of worldwide catastrophic engineering landslide cases over the past century. Engineering landslide classification frame work consists of the following parts： ①mining engineering landslide （consisting of underground mining, open pit and quarry, tailing dam and dump subclasses）; ②water conservancy and hydropower engineering landslide （composed of reservoir bank slope, reservoir dam, irrigation engineering subclasses）; ③linear infrastructure engineering landslide （comprising highway and railway as well as off and gas pipeline engineering subclasses）; ④urban construction compound engineering type. The well-known catastrophic engineering landslide cases both in China and abroad are emphatically analyzed, and the general characteristics of common engineering landslide are overviewed. The authors systematically summarize the modes of occurrence, mechanisms and treatment measures of various engineering landslides. Through a comparative study of different types of engineering-induced landslides, lessons drawn from landslide failure and successful treatments are overviewed. It is hoped that these conclusions and suggestions will serve as references for engineering landslide comprehensive control and risk mitigation in the future projects and urban construction.