麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生、危害及防治

Occurrence,damage and control of the wheat midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae),in China

麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana是我国的一种重要农业害虫,以幼虫危害小麦正在发育的籽粒,可造成小麦严重减产,甚至绝收。该害虫具有虫体小,滞育时间长,为害隐蔽等特点。近些年来,受全球气候变化、耕作制度改变、小麦品种更换、人类活动等多种因素的影响,麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生危害情况发生了很大变化,出现了北扩东移的现象。麦红吸浆虫主要分布在我国的北方麦区,发生为害具有隐蔽性、间歇性、局部性和暴发性的特点。这种害虫的发生危害受虫源基数、生态因子、农业生产措施及人类活动等多种因素的影响。进入21世纪后,麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生范围发生了很大的变化,且主要分布在43°N以南到27°N以北的冬小麦主产区。有关麦红吸浆虫滞育的多态性、小麦对麦红吸浆虫的抗性机理、抗性品种的选育和天敌资源的开发等方面的研究将是今后的主要研究方向;未来仍需加强对麦红吸浆虫滞育的分子机制、发生危害规律、预测预报、综合防治和寄主植物-麦红吸浆虫-天敌三级营养关系等方面研究。本综述可为今后了解麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生危害规律、预测预报及综合防治等提供参考。

The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, is one of the most important pests in China. The larvae of this pest feed on the developing wheat kernel and can cause serious yield losses in wheat, even no harvest. This pest has the characteristics of small body, long diapause duration and concealed damage. In recent years, the wheat midge has been affected by global climate change, change of cropping system, wheat cultivars and human activities, which cause a great change in the occurrence of this pest, with an expansion tendency to Northeast China. This midge is mainly distributed in the wheat production areas in the northern China. Its occurrence is hidden, intermittent, local and abrupt, and is affected by various factors, such as the base number of its population, ecological factors, measurements of agricultural productivity and human activities. Since the 21 st century, the occurrence of this midge has changed a lot, and it was mainly distributed in the winter wheat production areas （latitude 27°- 43 °N）. Polymorphisms in the diapause, the resistance mechanism of wheat to this midge, breeding of the resistant wheat varieties and exploitation of natural enemies are the main directions of future researches, and such studies as the molecular mechanisms of diapause, the law of occurrence and damage forecasting, integrated control and the plant-midge-natural enemy relationship should be strengthened in the future. This review provides references for further understanding of the laws of occurrence anddamage, forecastin~ and the integrated control of S. mosellana in China.