塔克拉玛干沙漠西缘春季沙尘天气空气可培养真菌多样性

Biodiversity of Airborne Cultivable Fungi Isolated from Spring Dust of Taklamakan Desert

【目的】了解新疆塔克拉玛干西缘春季沙尘前、中、后期的空气可培养真菌物种多样性及群落结构特征。【方法】使用便携手持式空气采样器采集空气样品,采用R2A培养基分离纯化真菌,提取DNA进行ITS rDNA扩增,对其进行分类鉴定。【结果】经分离纯化及鉴定得到真菌25株,其中沙尘前、中、后期分别为:3、14、8株,分为8个属:赤霉菌属(Gibberella),枝孢属(Cladosporium),链格孢属(Alternaria),Davidiella,青霉属(Penicillium),派伦霉属(Peyronellaea),栓菌属(Trametes),单端孢属(Trichothecium),其中枝孢属(Cladosporium)和链格孢属(Alternaria)为优势属。【结论】沙尘空气可培养真菌的优势属为枝孢属(Cladosporium)和链格孢属(Alternaria)。不同频次的沙尘空气可培养真菌种类存在差异;同一频次沙尘前、中、后三个时期空气可培养真菌种类差别较大;沙尘可携带并传播真菌;沙尘可培养真菌对土著空气真菌群落结构的影响很大。

[Objective] The aim of this article is to reveal the feature of the structure and the constitution of the airborne cultivable fungi isolated from the air samples before,in the middle of and after the dust event of Takalamakan in the spring.[Method] Air-samplers were used to collect the air samples,then the traditional method based on culture medium was used to separate the fungi,from which we extracted the DNA of pure cultivate fungus strains,and method PCR was used to amplify and identify ITS rDNA.[Result] In this research we obtained 25 pure cultivable fungus strains,among which,tree strains were isolated in clean days,fourteen in the middle of the dust and eight strains after the dust.The strains obtained were divided into eight genera：Gibberella,Cladosporium,Alternaria,Davidiella,P enicillium,P eyronellaea,Trametes,Trichothecium.Among them,Cladosporium and Alternaria were the dominant genera.[Conclusion] The research found that the dominant genera were Cladosporium and Alternaria.The species of dust borne fungi might vary when the dust events were different; In the same dust event,the species of these three stages （before,in the middle of and after the dust day） were relatively greatly different; They could survive after the dust; The dust borne cultivable airborne fungi had great influence on the structure of the original fungi.