美国对非市场经济体反补贴措施分析:历史转变、双重救济与合法性

U.S. Countervailing Measures on Non-market Economies: Historic Change, Double Remedy and Legality

美国从2006年开始一反其长期坚持的不对非市场经济体适用反补贴的立场,此后,同时进行反倾销与反补贴调查成为美国对中国产品实施贸易救济的常用方式。WTO上诉机构已经裁决美国商务部在对非市场经济体实行"双反"时的双重计算问题,违反了WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》第19.3条所规定的征收反补贴税应当"在合适的数额"。为此,追溯与分析美国此类双重救济的根源与特点很有必要。

Since the USA reversed its long-standing policy of not imposing countervailing duty law on non -market economies in 2006, concurrent application of antidumping duties and countervailing duties has become the country＇s major trade remedy action against China. The WTO Appellate Body ruled that the US Depart- ment of Commerce＇s double counting of AD duties and CVDs against China violates the rule to levy CVDs＇in the appropriate amounts＇ under Article 19.3 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. This article traces down and analyzes the key features of current double remedy practices in the USA.