四川省城市与农村儿童伤害监测结果分析

Surveillance of Children Injury in Sichuan Province

目的了解四川省城市与农村儿童伤害发生情况和流行特征,为制定相关政策和伤害干预措施提供依据。方法对2012年到青羊区和米易县伤害监测哨点医院首次就诊的0~14岁儿童伤害病例进行调查分析。结果儿童伤害病例7 486例中城市儿童4 822例,农村儿童2 664例;男童伤害病例多于女童,城市和农村儿童男女性别比分别为1.70:1和2.02:1。城市和农村不同年龄段儿童伤害监测病例构成比(城市,农村):0岁^(2.468%,1.646%)、1岁^(26.027%,13.776%)、3岁^(27.934%,23.198%)、6岁^(31.398%,35.623%),12~14岁(12.173%,25.938%)。1年中,城市儿童伤害发生的月份最高在8月份,最低在3月份,农村儿童最高在11月份,最低在2月份。1天中,城市儿童伤害发生的时刻最高在20:00,最低在03:00;农村儿童伤害发生的时刻最高在10:00,最低在07:00。城市儿童伤害发生的主要原因顺位为:跌倒坠落,动物伤,车祸,烧烫伤、刀/锐器伤,钝器伤。农村儿童伤害发生的主要原因顺位为:跌倒坠落,钝器伤,车祸,刀/锐器伤,动物伤,烧烫伤,城市儿童伤害发生的地点顺位为:家中,公共居住场所,学校和公共场所,公路/街道;农村儿童伤害发生的地点顺位为:家中,学校和公共场所,公共居住场所,公路/街道。城市与农村儿童伤害发生的活动前3位分别是休闲活动,体育活动,家务学习。结论四川省儿童伤害监测病例的伤害发生的伤害事件基本情况(原因、地点、活动、意图)与儿童的一般情况(年龄、性别、户籍等)密切相关。建议针对不同地区,不同年龄段的儿童采取不同的伤害干预措施。对于农村的儿童,应该进行重点干预。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of children injury in both urban and rural areas in Sichuan province,and to provide references for preventing and controlling strategies and measures. Methods Injury cases aged 0 to 14 in the first visiting to sentinel hospitals of Qingyang district of Chengdu and Miyi county were collected and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 7 486 injury cases were reported,with 4 822 urban children and 2664 rural children. The ratio of urban to rural cases and ratio of male to female were respectively 1. 70 ∶ 1 and 2. 02 ∶1. The age constituent ratios of urban and rural children were respectively： 0-1,2. 468% and 1. 646%; 1-3,26. 027%and 13. 776%; 3-6,27. 934% and 23. 198%; 6-12,31. 398% and 35. 623%; 12-14,12. 173% and 25. 938%. During the year,the highest incidence for urban children was in August and the lowest in March,while the highest incidence for rural children was in November and the lowest in February. During the day,injury cases of urban children maximized at 8： 00 PM and minimized at 3： 00 AM; for rural cases,it maximized at 10： 00 PM and minimized at 7： 00 AM.The main causes for urban children injury were successively falls,animal injury,traffic,burn injury,knife / sharp instrument injury and blunt injuries. While the main causes of rural children injury were successively falls,blunt injuries,traffic,knife / sharp instrument injury,animal injury and burn injury.Main locations where the injuries happened in urban areas were successively at home,public housing places,schools and public places and roads / streets,and for rural cases,the locations were successively at home,school and public places,public housing places and roads / streets. The top three activities in which the injury happened were successively leisure activities,athletics and housework / study. Conclusion The children injury in Sichuan province is closely associated to children＇ s demographic status（ e. g. age,gender and household register）. Thus,pertinent measures should be taken according to the characteristics of the children.