不同表面特征图片对内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响

The Effect of Different Surface Features on Implicit Memory and Explicit Memory

该研究选取30名被试,采用任务分离实验研究范式探讨不同表面特征图片对内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响。以32张动物图片为实验材料,其中鱼类和鸟类图片各半。两类图片中一半为黑白图片,另一半为彩色图片,所有实验材料用E-Prime软件呈现在电脑上。结果表明:(1)不同表面特征图片的再认成绩(外显记忆)显著好于偏好再认成绩(内隐记忆),即外显记忆成绩好于内隐记忆;(2)在再认测验和偏好判断测验中,再认成绩和偏好再认成绩在图片表面特征的两个水平上存在显著差异;(3)控制组的偏好再认成绩显著好于实验组的偏好再认成绩,即控制组的内隐记忆好于实验组。结论:刺激材料的表面特征既是外显记忆的内容,也是影响外显记忆的重要因素;内隐记忆的作业成绩高度依赖于刺激材料的表面特征,刺激材料的表面特征是影响两种记忆的重要因素。

To investigate how the surface features of stimulus material influence people＇s implicit memory and explicit memory. 30 un- dergraduates attend experiment. Take 32 animals pictures as the materials,ineluding fish and birds each 16 pieces. Two ~ms of pictures for black and white and color images of the half, all materials used E - Prime software present on the computer. Sixteen cards selected from 32 pictures as materials of learning stage,these picture random present in palrs,one for the target（a dotted line black border） ,and the other for the off- target, the target appear to the left and right of the half so as to eliminate space position error. Eight target picture present in the learning stage and another eight have never happened new picture.s appear in the recognize phase. Eight off - talget pic- ture presented in the learning stage and another eight have never happened new pictures as the preference judgment materials. The re- suits show that：（ 1 ）In different surface characteristics, recognize scores （explicit memory）do remarkable better than that of prefer- rec- ognize（ implicit memory）;（2）Recognize achievements and prefer- recognize achievements in two surface characteristics display re- markable difference; （ 3 ） The prefer - recognize achievements of control group do remarkable better than that of experimental group. Conclusion：surface features of stimulus material not only is the explicit memory contents,but also is the important affect factors of ex- plicit memory ;implicit memory performance relies on highly the stimulus material surface features. The stimulus material sudsce chazac- teristics is an important factor affecting both memories.