“发展”话语下的韩国新村运动

The New Village Movement under the Discourse of "Development"

本文结合韩国学者对新农村运动的众多类研究,试图指出韩国新村运动是顺应西方"发展"话语的产物。而这套在西方形成的话语体系,在韩国的新村运动中落实,实际上经过了两次"本土化"的过程。第一次是总统朴正熙采取了拉平城乡差距的发展方略;但这个策略欲图实现的目的,却在韩国传统乡村的社会结构中加以实施的时候遭到了扭曲。因此,韩国新村运动也是"发展"本身无法完全自上而上取得成功的典型个案。

After classifying the studies of new village movement by the Korean scholars, this article points out that this movement is the product of discourse of development of the West. The realization of this discourse developed in the west in fact follows two periods of localization. The first is the president Park Chung-hee tries to level the gap between the city and the countryside. But his goal encounters some difficulties during the second period because of the traditional structure of rural societies in South Korea. Therefore, we can regard the new village movement of South Korea as one of typical case of ＂development＂, which can＇t come to reality under the logic of ＂from up to down＂.