清末民初中国基层教育权力格局的重构及其意义

The reconstruction of local education authority in modern China

清末民初,民众、士绅共同构成的教育权力共同体随着国家教育权力的向下延伸而逐渐解体,国家代替民众和士绅掌握了对县以下教育的主导权和决定权。通过统一学制的建立和教育行政权的上收,教育脱离私人属性,成为国家的事业。这一变化顺应了国家权力向下发展的历史趋势,也为中国教育的现代化、人的现代化以及社会整体的现代化发展提供了良好的契机。

The folk education authority community constituted by the common people and gentry together gradually disintegrated while the state education authority extended downward. Instead of common people and gentry, the state obtained the power of dominance and decision. Through the establishment of the unified school system and concentration of education executive power, education had become the cause of the state and got rid of private property. This change conformed to historical trends of state power down, and also provided a good opportunity for the modernization of education, the people, and the whole society in China.