论非婚生子女强制认领制度——兼评婚姻法解释三第二条第二款

The Legally Enforceable Acknowledgment of Illegitimate Child——Comment on Subparagraph II of Article II of Judicial Interpretation III of Marriage Law

非婚生子女强制认领制度应当以未成年子女最佳利益与身份安定为原则。强制认领主要包括直接强制与间接强制。婚姻法解释三第二条第二款填补了我国亲子关系强制认领制度的空白,具有积极意义,但是条文规定略显粗糙,于具体适用仍存在诸多困难,如主体范围不明,适用推定缺乏明确标准以及未对子女进行成年与未成年的区分等。基于"未成年子女最佳利益原则"与"身份安定原则",适用解释三第二条第二款应把握以下三方面:限制提起认领之诉的主体;应当有基础的证据;对子女进行成年与未成年的区分。

Minor children＇ s best interests and Identity stabilization should be established as the principles of legally enforceable acknowledgment about illegitimate children. Legal enforcement includes indirect en forcement and direct enforcement. Although Judicial interpretation Ⅲ of Marriage law is of great significance in completing the parent-child relationship law, it is difficult to apply because of the rough articles, including but not limited vague subject of litigation, lack of clear standards in presumption, legally reces- sive loopholes. In view of the best interests of minor child and identity stabilization, imposing restrictions on parties, having been provided with fundamental evidences and making a distinction between minor child and adult child should be emphasized when applying subparagraph Ⅱof article Ⅱ