认知语境下看跨文化中的不礼貌言语交际——以电影《土婆婆PK洋媳妇》为例

Study on Verbal Impoliteness in Intercultural Communication from the View of Cognitive Context——Illustrated by the Movie Chinese Mother-in-law PK Western Daughter-in-law

不礼貌是近年来语用学界关注的热点问题,但有关跨文化交际中的不礼貌研究却比较少见。传统观点认为跨文化交际中的不礼貌是由于语用缺失造成的,忽视了认知语境这一重要的交际情境因素。在跨文化交际中,交际主体在认知语境上存在差异,主要表现在知识草案、心理图式、社会心理表征三个方面。电影《土婆婆PK洋媳妇》互动会话中的不礼貌言语反映出交际主体在认知语境上存在趋异性,由此引发了交际中的不礼貌。

Recently, impoliteness in interaction is a hot topic in pragmatic studies. However, verbal impoliteness in intercultural communication is seldom studied. Traditionally, researchers hold that the impoliteness is caused by the pragmatic failure and ignore the communicative factor of cognitive context. In intercultural communication, the interlocutors have different cognitive contexts, which are reflected by their knowledge script, psychological schema and socio-psychological representation. The impolite interaction in movie Chinese Mother-in-law PK Western Daughter-in-law reveals that the different cognitive contexts between speakers and listeners cause the impolite verbal behavior in intercultural communication.